A Visit At The Museum Of Fine Arts - 1210 Words

Museum Assignment On November 8th, 2016 I took a trip to the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston, Massachusetts, to conduct research on different kinds of art. When I got there I went straight to The Ancient World exhibit to find a piece of artwork that I found fascinating. The moment I took a step through those giant glass doors, I saw the Colossal Statue of King Menkaura. This vast piece of artwork had so much history and detail from one particular era, it was almost breathtaking. As I continued on through The Ancient World exhibit there were many works of art that stood out to me. However it wasn’t until I reached the Greek Mythology portion of the museum when I really found the piece that literally made me gasp. The sculpture of Cupid (Eros) was exactly the type of artwork I was hoping to discover. The sculpture of Cupid (Eros) was simple, yet it also had a complex composition to it. The Colossal Statue of King Menkaura was built around 2,490 B.C and is the largest statue from the pyramid age. This piece of artwork fits into the category of an â€Å"An image or object related to a ruler, whether king, queen, emperor or other†. King Menkaura fits into this catergory because he was a ruler of the 4th dynasty during the Old Kingdom period, and was the creator of the three pyramids in Giza. One pyramid which he built for himself, was the Pyramid of Menkaura. This Egyptian statue is made out of Travertine, which is a type of limestone that is deposited by mineral springs. When IShow MoreRelatedA Visit to the Boston Museum of Fine Arts Essay867 Words   |  4 PagesA group of us Arts and Music students used the day on Wednesday to go into the city to visit the Boston Museum of Fine Arts. It was a cold, breezy day so we were all bundled up in jackets and hats. As we got off the E train and walked toward the museum, its appearance was not what I expected it to be. The museum was an elegant, beautiful building made of what looked to be marble; not the big, brick monstrosity I had expected. Once we walked into the museum, it was even more elegant on the insideRead MoreThe Museum Of Fine Arts751 Words   |  4 PagesDear to whom it may concern in Museum of Fine Arts (MFA) Boston I am writing to you to express my interest in the job opportunity â€Å"Terrace Research Associate in Egyptian Art† in the Department of Art of the Ancient World, one of open staff positions in Museum of Fine Arts (MFA) Boston next Summer. As an applicant for the job opportunity in Museum of Fine Arts (MFA) Boston, I would be interested in the division, the Arts of Ancient Egypt collections I hold a Bachelor’s degree in Egyptology fromRead MoreThe Museum of Fine Arts Essay891 Words   |  4 PagesThe Museum of Fine Arts One pleasant afternoon, my classmates and I decided to visit the Houston Museum of Fine Arts to begin on our museum assignment in world literature class. According to Houston Museum of Fine Art’s staff, MFAH considers as one of the largest museums in the nation and it contains many variety forms of art with more than several thousand years of unique history. Also, I have never been in a museum in a very long time especially as big as MFAH, and my experience about the museumRead MoreHum 111 Week 10 Assignment 3 Strayer1430 Words   |  6 PagesHUM 111 WEEK 10 ASSIGNMENT 3 STRAYER To purchase this visit following link: https://coursehomework.com/product/hum-111-week-10-assignment-3-strayer/ Contact us at: HELP@COURSEHOMEWORK.COM HUM 111 WEEK 10 ASSIGNMENT 3 STRAYER Due Week 10 (03/14/2016) and worth 100 points As a way of experiencing the Humanities beyond your classroom, computer, and textbook, you are asked to do a certain type of â€Å"cultural activity† that fits well with our course and then report on your experience. Your instructorRead MoreVacation : Cologne, Germany Vs. Kingston, Jamaica969 Words   |  4 Pagesoffers much fine art; Kingston offers more natural beauty. Cologne offers a variety of museums such as the Kathe Kollwitz Museum or the Chocolate museum. The Kathe Kollwitz Museum is a museum of arts for the world renowned, German artist, Kathe Kollwitz. The museum showcases many of her prized pieces, and the experience is sure to be a treat for art experts and novices alike. The museum offers hours of fun for the entire family, and admission is only $6.50 (Kà ¤the†). The Chocolate Museum of CologneRead MoreMy Visit At The Huntington Museum Of Art1020 Words   |  5 PagesThe first thing I noticed at the Huntington Museum of Art was how quiet and empty i t was. This was not displeasing however--quite the opposite in fact. The atmosphere was perfect for contemplation and thought, which is exactly what I want in a museum. I was still surprised of course; my visit to the Art Institute of Chicago had been very different. Unlike in Huntington, Chicago’s museum was packed to the brim, and the people within it practically shouting just to be heard. It is very easy to decideRead MoreJulie Heffernan Self Portrait as Wunderkabinett Essay971 Words   |  4 Pagesportrait as Wunderkabinett | | | 7/2/2013 | Museum Visit Assignment | | | Julie Heffernan Self portrait as Wunderkabinett Museum visit assignment The Mint Museum in Charlotte, NC is a timeless building and a work of art itself. The building was designed with a contemporary style and is an outward expression of its artistic, belongings inside. I visited the Museum on Tuesday, July 02, 2013, at around 2 in the afternoon. I was within the museum for about 2  ½ hours, observing the exhibits. TheRead MoreGold And The Gods : Jewels Of Ancient Nubia1557 Words   |  7 PagesWorks of Gold and Precious Materials BOSTON, MA (June 23, 2014)—A world-class collection of jewels from ancient Nubia at the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston (MFA), will go on view this summer in Gold and the Gods: Jewels of Ancient Nubia. The MFA’s collection of Nubian adornments is the most comprehensive outside Khartoum—the result of an early 20th-century expedition by the Museum with Harvard University. The exhibition opens on July 19, and includes works by Nubian goldsmiths and jewelers, who were amongRead MoreThe Los Angeles County Museum Of Art1301 Words   |  6 Pagesto the Los Angeles County Museum. However, I was trapped with the challenging choice of choosing only one museum for my cultural visit. Since, there are so many prodigious and amazing museums to choose from to visit in the county. But, I have heard many great feedbacks about the Los Angeles County Museum of Art from fellow classes mates, friends and family. So, I finally, had my destination set to and planned a visit to the Los Ang eles County Museum of Art. Upon my visit my attention was already fixatedRead MoreColeman Art Museum1700 Words   |  7 PagesCOLEMAN ART MUSEUM The problem: The problem with Coleman Art Museum is the inability to produce any revenue from the past three years as well as the company had gone into their financial reserves in order to cover costs from losses. Company overview: The Coleman Art Museum (CAM) is a nonprofit corporation located in Universal City, which is a large metropolitan area in the western United States. CAM was founded in 1925, it was originally named Fannel county Museum of Fine Arts. But in 2000

The Effects of Alcohol on Social and Emotional Development...

Adolescent Social Development The social development of adolescents is very much affected by the social world. Peer relationships, family relationships, school, work, and community play a critical role in an adolescent’s social development as well as culture. Adolescence begins around the age of eleven and lasts into the early twenties. As a child enters into adolescence, many changes are taking place, including physical changes in appearance, sexual maturity, hormonal changes, and the ability to reflect on one’s identity of self (Broderick Blewitt, 2010). As adolescents begin to experience these changes; they also experiment with new behaviors to help them transition from childhood to adulthood. Risk taking is a normal way that†¦show more content†¦Higher rates of substance abuse in young adolescents are linked to neighborhood instability (Leventhal Brooks-Gunn, 2000). Emotional Development According to Erickson (1968), developing identity is the central task of adolescents. Developing a sense of self or identity involves relating to others and learning to manage many emotions. This identity includes not only what individuals might become but also who they would like to become (Markus Nerius, 1986). Identity consists of two concepts, self-concept and self-esteem. Self-concept includes beliefs about one’s traits, roles and goals, and interest, values, and beliefs. Self-esteem involves assessing how one feels about self-concept (APA, 2000). Adolescent Risk Taking Behavior According to Arnett and Balle-Hjensen (1993) there are several theories that may explain why adolescents engage in risky behaviors. They proposed that need for excitement, fun, and unique, powerful sensations outweigh the potential dangers involved in an activity. Jesser (1991) proposed another theory and stresses that risk behaviors occur in a group context and involve peer acceptance and status within the group. Gibbons and Gerrard (1995) proposed another theory emphasizing that adolescent risk taking is a form of modeling and glamorizing adult behavior. Drinking Among Adolescents According for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), alcohol use is a major publicShow MoreRelatedRisk Factors For Adolescent Drug Abuse1462 Words   |  6 Pages Body: Risk Factors for Adolescent Drug Abuse There are an abundance of risk factors that can relate to the contribution of drug abuse in adolescents. The primary risk factors can be divided into two main categories: social and emotional triggers. Social factors play an important role because during the adolescent years it can be an extremely emotional and physically tough time for teens to transition through. Adolescent phases are one of the biggest transitional stages in a person’s life becauseRead MoreThe Effects Of Alcohol On The Adolescent Brain1585 Words   |  7 PagesBy conducting interviews with psychiatrists, PhD students and adolescent alcohol researchers, I obtained current information, where there were scarce secondary sources which explored the effects of alcohol on the adolescent brain. This process was highly beneficial because it increased the reliability of my research and substantiated emerging Key Finding 1 – that adolescent neuroplasticity increases their susceptibility to alcohol related ment al illness. For example, Fiona Griffith stated that â€Å"theRead MoreFetal Alcohol Syndrome Essay1096 Words   |  5 PagesFetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) is a mental and physical birth defect. It occurs when a pregnant women consumes high levels of alcohol during her pregnancy. The effects of FAS can be traumatic in some cases, and in others children were slightly affected by exposure to alcohol. FAS has a wide range of effects on the fetus and infant, retarded growth, under developed facial features, slow cognitive development, and many more. The evidence of cases is overwhelming, yet in some societies it is still anRead MoreThe Social Problem Of Teenage Pregnancy929 Words   |  4 Pageswith parenthood, thus a teenager is greatly less prepared. Therefore, teenage pregnancy has become a major social problem which fundaments should be understood in order to provide a solution to it. In order to understand a social problem such as teenage pregnancy, it is important to look firstly at its causes. In the first place, parents are of immense importance regarding a child’s development because they are the child’s first teacher and role model. They are not just supposed to provide the childRead MoreSocial Acceptance And Its Impact On Adolescence945 Words   |  4 PagesSocial acceptance could be defined as the fact that most people, in order to fit in with others, attempt to look and act like them. Or sometimes it is the ability to accept or to tolerate differences and diversity in other people or groups of people. (Wikipedia) It is human nature to want to fit in, to be accepted by our peers. In early adolescence children start to develop the feeling of belonging. Adolescence is a transition period of late childhood and adulthood, they are beginning the maturingRead MoreDrug Use On Young College Students1079 Words   |  5 Pagespurpose of this study is to explore drug use in adolescent students, focusing on young college students. For the purpose of this study, a drug is defined as a habit forming substance that directly effects the brain and the nervous system. It is a chemical substance that affects mood, perceptions, bodily functions, or consciousness that has potential for misuse as it may be harmful to the user (p. 524) This study will contribute both the knowledge and social impacts of the situation as it faces us todayRead MoreEmerging Adulthood : Developing Adults Experience Alcohol1575 Words   |  7 PagesWhile college is a great time for emerging adults experience alcohol, the abuse of alcohol can be consequential to the development of a proper and healthy adult. B. Emerging adulthood is a period of development that coincides with college, around years 18-25 (Arnett, 2000). At this stage, young adults fully learn about themselves, their roles, and who they are. C. In this context, we will use binge drinking to describe the abuse of alcohol. Wechsler and Nelson (2001) defines binge drinking as for drinkingRead MoreSocial Determinants Of Mental Health1219 Words   |  5 Pagesthese social determinants interact to cause inequity—for example, high education-level mixed with unemployment, such as college students. As previously noted by Hardy et al. (2013), mental health is influenced by a variety of factors. Bà ¸e et al. (2013) further explains factors leading to mental health disorder development, through an analysis of the cross-sectional Bergen Child Study 2006 conducted in Norway. Researchers examined how the mental health of children related to the emotional well-beingRead MoreParental Power And Adult Authority1473 Words   |  6 Pagesby teaching their children to be obedient and show absolute respect for adult authority. They also control their children by clear rules, high standards, strict punishment, and little communication. The University of Texas at Austin’s School of Social Work found that many Hispanic children were at risk for anxiety, depression and suicide attempts (Calzada, Brajas-Gonzalez, Huang Brotman, 2015). â€Å"These rates increased over time and are reflective of the most common childhood mental health issuesRead MoreMiddle Childhood Essay724 Words   |  3 PagesMiddle Childhood and Adolescence University of Phoenix Human Growth and Development Jeanette Merchant August 17, 2010 Middle Childhood and Adolescence Stable and supportive families are crucial during middle childhood and adolescence development stage. Supportive family members and friends improve social development. The major change that occurs from middle childhood to adolescence is emotional maturation. During middle childhood stage, children develop more independence from

The Accomplishments Of Edmund Kean - 1513 Words

Edmund Kean, one of the greatest and most historic British actors to ever live. Kean might have been born on March 17th in the year of 1789,and I say might have because no one really knows when he was born. The exact date of his birth has been a mystery for what seems like forever now, and as the years keep going, the chance of this mystery being solved becomes less and less possible. We’re at the point now where we’ll probably never find out when Edmund Kean was born, all we have is a rough estimate at the moment. He had a turbulent life and therefore he also used that to his advantage by being a turbulent genius and was recognized for his megalomania and his erotic behavior which caused him being a villain it mostly every Shakespearean play he took part in. (Britannica). Something that has actually been proven was that his birth mother was a lady named Ann Carey, she was actually an actress. His father was Edmund Kean the first, He died at a very young age after havin g his son. He was a reckless youth and ended up killing himself at a young age of twenty two years of age. After Kean’s death, the young boy was pretty much adopted by his fathers oldest brother, Moses Keen and his wife Charlotte Tidswell. He was a part time member of the Drury Lane Theater Comapany, and work the play named The 11th Duke of Norfolk.(Brittanica).Charlotte Tidswell really worked hard at trying to make young Kean to grow up and be a very well educated and mannered person, but her attempts

Harry And Sally Relationship Essay - 1033 Words

Harry and sally’s relationship didn’t start like most conventional relationships do. The two are living life and going to through the motions of a developing relationship right before their eyes. Love can make you act in ways you didn’t think were possible. At first glance, Harry is dating Sally’s friend and this is how the two met. They initiated the new relationship while Sally was traveling to New York. Harry tagged along because the college he was attending was on the way to Sally’s destination. During this ignition contact, Harry tried to make small talk which gave him a little insight to Sally’s life. She told him she was moving to New York to become a journalist. During the small talk Harry took a chance and told Sally that she was†¦show more content†¦She accepts his offer and does so. Their growing friendship begins to intensify by having dinner together more frequently and sharing one another’s day becomes a part of their everyday life. They are becoming closer as friends. Although they were bonding, becoming more reliant on each other, being only friends was all that Sally had on her mind. Still the two celebrated holiday’s together, purchasing a Christmas tree, counting down the seconds until the new year rang in, and even talking on the phone every night before they went to bed. People assumed they were a couple but instead of a relationship they had a very strong friendship. Since most of their everyday lives are integrated, sharing each other’s lives day in and day out, Harry tries to take their friendship to a new level by trying to kiss her at midnight. Sally was against there being anything more and she was stern about it. He made it clear he wanted to have more with her and to move forward in life but she just pushed away. Until one night, she learned her ex-boyfriend was getting married. She was beside her self and wanted Harry by her side. He rushed over to her rescue. She confided in him and let her feelings win. Little did both of them know that this would be the beginning of their relationship coming apart. One thing quickly leads to another and before they knew it they were kissing. The moment seemed to be heating up even faster and they both had made a decision that was filled with regret, theyShow MoreRelatedF. Scott Fitzgerald s The Great Gatsby2385 Words   |  10 Pageswho encouraged Fitzgerald to follow his dreams as a writer. (Werlock, Fitzgerald, F. Scott. The Facts On File Companion to the American Novel). Moreover, Fitzgerald was the class of 1917 in Princeton, but due to an unfortunate ending to his relationship with Ginevra King, his social habits and health, caused a decrease in his GPA and overall attitude towards learning. Despite his awful studying habits, Fitzgerald wrote many plays, poems, stories, and took part in many dramatic productions andRead MoreThe High Cost Of Manliness1002 Words   |  5 Pagesinterference of sex, like the main character in the movie â€Å"When Harry met Sally† supposes. Media, in particular, movie also supports this belief. â€Å"In movie after movie, show after show, the narrative arc is the same. What starts as friendship ends up in bed.† Although feminism was considered a mark in changing people’s conception about cross-sex friendship, it faced the challenge due to â€Å"the notion of friendship as the root of romantic relationship.† Moreover, the use of language is an implication. A â€Å"boyfriend†Read MoreT he Requiem For A Dream1533 Words   |  7 Pages Evaluation Essay Composition 101 Students Requiem for a dream is a very fast paced psychological thriller that explores how drug addictions can destroy the dreams of the people that are users. A psychological thriller explores the thoughts and actions of a person, is usually set in or around the home of the people that are influenced during the film, and usually focus on certain themes such as death, perception of reality, identity, and the purpose of life. Requiem for a dream is a great exampleRead MoreAlls Fair in Love and Twitter1018 Words   |  5 Pagesbest way to gain anyone’s trust, but at least I am doing something that America’s youth can no longer do; be courageous and honest. Cowardice and laziness will become our generations’ mark on history. We are on our way to the demise of truthful relationships, whether it is with a significant other, family member, or friend. We have managed to create a new system of interpersonal communication with the help of social media networks and smart phones. Before I go any further, however, it is imperativeRead MoreKantian Enlightenment through Kafkas Colony1461 Words   |  6 Pagesas it relates to enlightenment via Kants essay â€Å"An Answer to the Question What is Enlightenment?† In which Kant describes two kinds of enlightenment which I define as â€Å"personal enlightenment† (that which occurs at the level of the individual) and â€Å"greater enlightenment† (that which occurs at the level of society or community). To begin this discussion on mortality, it is necessary to define the moral context. Therefore, for the purposes of this essay, I define the act of regularly torturing peopleRead MoreOrganizational Behaviour3984 Words   |  16 Pages----------------------------------------------------------------------11 Role of Management in Organizations †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦12 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..14 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦.16 Introduction Since this essay deals with Organizational behaviour the people in them, therefore before entering into the main subject matter it is essential to define organization organizational behaviour. Organizations are group of people who work interdependently towardsRead More Summary of Twelve Years a Slave Essay5063 Words   |  21 Pagesrelied on his violin. In 1841 they moved from Saratoga because they had not prospered but still they lived a comfortable life. Northup and his wife were the parents of three children, Elizabeth(10), Margaret(8) and Alonzo(5). They had a very good relationship with all their children and loved them dearly. Northup searched the streets for work in the village of Saratoga Springs and there he met two guys, Merrill Brown and Abram Hamilton. They were connected with the circus and wanted NorthupRead MoreConsumer Theory and Horizontal Axis45363 Words   |  182 Pagesgoods, then you could draw the consumer s budget line without any more information. TRUE 1. Ads in a slick business magazine are read by 300 lawyers and 1000 M.B.A s. Ads in a consumer publication are read by 250 lawyers and 300 M:B:A:0s. If Harry had $ 2,600 to spend on advertising, if the price of ads in the business magazine were $400 and the price of ads in the consumer magazine were $200, then the combinations of recent M:B:A:0s and lawyers with hot tubs whom he could reach with his advertisingRead MoreProject Managment Case Studies214937 Words   |  860 Pagesto his or her former position as an engineering member of a functional organization. We ve been quite concerned about these people that continuously go back and forth between project management and functional project engineering. This type of relationship is a must in our environment because our project managers must have a command of technology. We continuously hold in-house seminars on project management so as to provide our people with training in management skills, cost control, planning, andRead More Stephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pages Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo Editorial Director: Sally Yagan Director of Editorial Services: Ashley Santora Acquisitions Editor: Brian Mickelson Editorial Project Manager: Sarah Holle Editorial Assistant: Ashlee Bradbury VP Director of Marketing: Patrice Lumumba Jones Senior Marketing Manager: Nikki Ayana

Classical Theories of Hierarchical Management free essay sample

Classical Theories of Hierarchical Management The purpose of this essay will be to argue the assumptions of classical theories regarding hierarchical management and how it is essential in modern day times. The ranks within a hypothetical pyramid determine the position of an employee within any organisations. Classical management still takes place in today’s management concepts. Max Weber studied bureaucratic organisations, Henri Fayol created the administrative principles and Fredrick Winslow Taylor researched scientific management. These influential people took apart in the formation of hierarchy. The concept of classical management, Weber’s theories and hierarchy will be argued further. In a hierarchical organisation, ranks are what determine a position for an employee. It is a straightforward process as it follows the layout of a pyramid (Meehan, 2012). The organisational structure indicates the method that an organisation employs to delineate lines of communication, authorities, policies and responsibilities. It determines the extent and nature of how leadership is disseminated throughout the organisation as well as the method by which information flows. A flat or hierarchical structure commonly adapts to an organisation (Goessl, 2010). Max Weber, a German sociologist that purposed different characteristics found in effective bureaucracies that would effectively conduct decision-making, control resources, accomplish organisational goals and protect workers (Business Mate, 2009). Ian Clark defines hierarchy as: ‘A social arrangement characterized by stratification in which, like angles, there are orders of power and glory and society is classified in successively subordinated grades’ (1989, pg. 2). Clark’s quote describes hierarchy as having â€Å"orders of power† above others, which refers to the superior of the organisation. Below the superior are the next employees in line which are referred to in the quote as ‘medium powers and smaller powers. ’ Everyone within this hierarchy works as a group to reach a goal. Weber produced the idea of hierarchism when he was making observations regarding his organisation. He became concerned with the fact that people were in positions of authority not because of their job experience and capabilities, but because of their social status in the German society. For this very reason he believed that organisations failed to reach their performance potential. (Shermerhorn et al, 2011, Pg. 91) According to Astley (1988), Weber came up with the ideal type of hierarchy resonates with common experience in established domestic policies (pg. 202-203), which reflected in expression of support by citizens for their political leaders even though they may not respect them as individuals. (Lake, 2006, pg. 36) Weber founded on the principles of logic, order and legitimate authority. The characteristics of Weber’s bureaucratic organisation include; clear division of labour, formal rules of authority and clear hierarchy of authority (Shermerhorn et al, 2011, Pg. 91-92). Clear division of labour is a form of specialization in which the production of a product or service is devised into several separate tasks, each performed by one person (Cengage, 2001). According to Weber’s design, the knowledge within the division of labour defines each employee’s job, giving them a â€Å"sphere of competence†, and the authority to persevere with individual tasks without interrupting others. Large scales are broken down into small manageable units and specialties that are then appointed to each individual (Shafritz Ott, 2001, pg. 134). This is an example of how different departments within a hierarchical system work in organisations. Formal rules of authority apply in a particular system such as an organisation where authority must be used to stabilize employees and guide them into the direction of the leaders. Authority helps prevent anarchy, and helps to define a clear hierarchy of decision-making. A clearly defined hierarchy will potentially lead to an effective organisation, consisting of strong and legitimate authority relations between leaders and followers. Weber distinguished three different types of authority, traditional, rational-legal and charismatic (Business Mate, 2004). Rational and traditional authorities are stable enough to provide the fundamentals for permanent administrative structures such as a business organisation. Where as charismatic authority will need to evolve into a more stable form of authority. Clear authority of hierarchy is designed to benefit the company and employees. This is the same as the overall concept of hierarchy as discussed above. Organisations are methodically ordered into a clear chain of command. The hierarchical structure effectively delineates the lines of authority and the subordination of the lower levels to the upper levels (Cutajar, 2010). The further the chain of command, the more power, authority and responsibility is needed to run the organisation. This usually depends on the size of the business. This merit principle is the most commonly applied in bureaucratic or semi-bureaucratic organisations as they are constructed most fundamentally on hierarchy and divisions of labour (Martin, 1985). According to Weber (1998), the purest form in which legal domination can be governed is as a bureaucracy. Officials in a bureaucracy obey orders predominantly because of demands for their sense of status. Employees are specially trained, have an assigned domain of competence and develop a strong sense of duty in relation to their work. They have a care based on superiority and achievement and can only be completed under certain circumstances (Pg. 63). The creation of a bureaucratic organizational structure is a means of exerting power and is best used in large-scale organisations having both advantages and disadvantages. Advantages include facilitating the management of people and situations and predicting the outcome of actions by others, giving them structure within their organisation (John, 2011). Despite having many disadvantages, it is believed that the degree of control given to the superior over employees is possibly the most damaging outcome. The supervisor will receive almost total control over their subordinates as they are given demands and instructions to follow (Rabie. 2004). Another disadvantage that can effect the organisation significantly is communication. This can be lost through the chain of hierarchy called horizontal communication. The top-down structure keeps different departments from communicating which can produce poor productivity and inefficiency (Handel, 2003, pg. 326) In 1916, Henri Fayol published Administration Industrielle et Generale which contains the original foundation of his theories for management (Sapru, 2006, pg.  101; Pryor Tenaja, 2010, pg. 493). The book outlines his views on the proper management of organisations and the people within them. (Schermerhorn et al, 2011, pg. 90). Fayol synthesized various tents or principles of organisations and management. He argued that the principles needed to exist in order for organisations to work efficiently. Fayol’s five functions are stil l relevant to today regarding management roles and actions; to forecast and plan, to organize, to command, to co-ordinate and to control (Docstoc, 2011). Fayol synthesized 14 principles for organisational design and effectiveness, which reflect closely to Weber’s idea of hierarchism. The science of administration is based on laws and principles. Fayol’s 14 Principles of Management refer to hierarchism within an organisation; two of these principles include Unity of Command and Unity of Decision. They both support the idea of having only one superior above many employees. Unit of Command promotes the idea of subordinates receiving orders of command only from one person (the superior). (Sapru, 2006, pg. 108; Lucey, 1991). This classical idea is still supported in today’s management. Unity of Decision relates to Unity of Command as the superior of the hierarchy (chief or executives) makes the decisions and agrees or disagrees over the purpose and objectives of the plan (Cliffs Notes, 2012). This person has total power and control over all subordinates in the organisation. Additional relevant principles include the Scalar Chain/Life of Authority and Order, which has strong reference to Weber’s concept of chain of authority. The scalar chain of command of reporting relationships from top executives to ordinary shop operators or drivers need to be sensible, clear and understood (Docstoc, 2011). Lower level managers should always keep the upper level managers informed of progress regarding their work and activities. For this chain to be structural, order needs to be implied. Basically an organisation needs to provide an orderly environment for each individual member who is required to understand how his or her roles fit confidently into the organisation (Management Study Guide, 2012; Onkar, 2008). Consequently policies, actions, instructions and rules need to be put into place for employees to follow in a structural order otherwise management wouldn’t work sustainably. The concept of the administrative principles works well within organisations, as it is an extremely comprehensive way to deal with management techniques and has been proven to work. Its advantages cover majority of tasks that a manager may need to know in order to achieve success (Mitchell, 2011). Disadvantages to the theory include that humans are naturally going to make mistakes. The theory works best when having the foundation of harmony among employees. However, when mistakes are made it can weaken the strength of the team (Kramer, 2010). Fredrick Winslow Taylor, an American engineer who â€Å"worked on promoting efficiency in manufacturing enterprises around the turn of the century†(Brown, 1980, pg. 288). Scientific management is referred to as Taylorism; this is a philosophical system of testing and analyzing techniques used to increase the productivity of an organisation (Cannon, 2011, p9, 3-4). He drew on the idea that they should have a detailed analysis of each job, using the techniques of method of study in order to find the method of working that would bring the largest average rate of production – this was called ‘one best way’ (Kermally, 2004, pg.10- 14). Taylor touched on the concept that the reference to hierarchism depended on the amount of knowledge and responsibility a person holds. In a study of scientific management in practice, C. Bertand Thompson (1915) discussed the responsibilities of planning in relation to managers. Thompson stated that the responsibility of management is ‘functional foremanship’ by which details of administration and determination of the sequence of operations, tools and methods used, importance of order and instructions of employees are all important as it determines each individuals knowledge and expertise (pg.271). This refers to the concept that the duties prearranged in management contain a high level of education and leadership skills to effectively coordinate the various tasks associated with management. Employees need to have complete knowledge of the functions performed and implemented training before being placed in their hierarchical level of expertise. Taylor found that workers w ere deliberately working at less than full capacity. They worked as slow as they could without getting into trouble (Business Knowledge Source, 2010). The advantage of scientific management meant that workers would increase their performance, changing everything from how they did their jobs to the tools they used. Responsibilities were divided up between hierarchies of management so that managers would be responsible for planning work methods using scientific principles and workers would be responsible for executing the work accordingly. Another advantage is that superiors trained workers and allocated them in the right department of the organisation. This way, employees would know â€Å"the one best way† rather then relying on their own various rules of thumb (Bagad, 2009, pg. 22-23). This concept related with Weber’s theory of ‘clear division of labour’ as discussed above. Taylorism has a number of disadvantages, which affected the workers; just as easily could it be abused, exploit human beings and conflict with their labour and unions (Scribd, 2010). Another recognised issue ‘was’ the individual differences; this would cover the fact that it may work only for certain employees and not for others. This could increase production for one person but decrease for another. It does not address the fact that the economic interests of each worker and manager are the same; therefore employees would most likely resent and attempt to sabotage Taylor’s methods of measuring process and retraining (Business Knowledge Source, 2010). From this literature, it is evident that hierarchy plays a major role within management structure today. With reference to Max Weber, Fredrick. W. Taylor and Henri Fayol, all contributed to the concept of hierarchy. Max Weber’s idea of bureaucracy is very formal and rigid; this will perhaps only apply in organisations with high standards, as employees are to obey orders predominantly due to the demands made by their superiors. Bureaucracy works well under the influence of leadership and motivation, with well-defined procedures within a productive business framework. Issues can arise from the superior as they are given the most control over their employees, which is very demanding over the departments below. Fayol’s theory of administrative principles works well in most organisations, as it is an extremely comprehensive way to deal with management techniques. It covers majority of tasks that a manager may need in order to achieve success. Although, a factor that Fayol didn’t take into consideration was the fact that humans will always make mistakes as this can weaken the strength of the team. Lastly, Taylor’s theory produced the idea that workers could increase their performance by dividing their responsibilities between hierarchies of management so that managers would be responsible for planning work methods and employees would be responsible for executing the work as instructed. This method could easily fail as each employee has individual differences. Increased performance in one employee may not work for another. It doesn’t address the economic interests of each worker and manager, as they are not the same. Overall, hierarchy works productively for a number of organisations.

Project Vision Document NSW Patient Story Catching System

Question: Discuss about theProject Vision Documentfor NSW Patient Story Catching System. Answer: Introduction: Purpose The proposed project aims to capture the stories of the patient and analyze the gathered information for assisting the doctors to provide better treatment to the patients. Scope: The system will be capable of collecting information from various sources like, computer, mobile, scanner and other interactive electronic devices. In addition to that, the system has to be smart enough for analyzing the raw data create information and knowledge. The system will output results on the basis of stored information and knowledge for assisting the treatment process. Overview: The overview of the project is to collect patient complete information along with the personal issues that they face and generate treatment patterns. Capabilities: Analyzing the story: Till-date, the doctors or some specialized personnel were used for analyzing the patients stories. In case of the NSWs purpose of developing the system, an extra hand was needed for differentiating the crucial factors from the ordinary ones so that the doctors can give more time in understanding the patients illness. In addition to that, the system will have the ability of investigating the story and automatically match between the various stories that will be collected. This is a crucial factor as common and different aspect of the various patients illness can be easily recognized. Huge Storage: The system will have a database that can save up to millions of stories at a time. The database designer will make the data storage system in such a way that the information can be easily accessible and provided to the required person. Identification of the illness: As the system grows older, more and more patterns will be stored in its database. This implies that the artificial intelligence that will be incorporated within the system will assist in recognizing the patients week points and suggest the doctors way for communicating with the patient. Problems: Less involvement of the patient: As the patients are not very interactive with the doctors, the doctors will have a difficulty in colleting the full story. Making the system interactive is not a solution too as the difficulty lies within the student rather than doctors or specialists. Making a system that can anticipate the mental situation of the patient and react according to it will take a lot of years to develop. Involvement of non-technical people: The designers and developers of the system have to understand every aspect of the human behavior. As not all the aspects are understandable by the developers, the doctors and other staffs of NSW have to take a crucial part in the development. Because the doctors and staffs do not have any technical study, the developers will have serious issues in incorporating the features in the system. Deadline issue: As the core functions of the system is very difficult to implement, the developers may need more to complete the system than expected. Product Overview: Within this section, the short description of the system is provided. Product Perspective: The products core functions may be completely independent but the system is not capable of interacting with the user freely. The user input raw data within the system through scanner, computer, and few other electronic devices. The patient input is taken but the result of the analysis is created for the doctors. Benefits: Service improvements: the organization can use the patient stories for identifying the common illness. This indentified information will be used for creating knowledge. This knowledge will be the key for making decisions. The more knowledge will be stored in the data base the better treatments can be provided. Therefore, the service of NSW will improve with time. Share of information: The system will be capable of sharing the information with the other systems. The collaboration with the systems will also allow NSW to collect the methods of treatment and gather patients previous treatment history. More stable: As the system stores all the information electronically and the backups will be taken of that information, the system will be capable of providing more stable storage. The papers can be damaged, burnt or lost. However, the losing digital data is right technology is used is impossible. Process of on Information: Input: The doctor will consult with the patient face-to-face. No telephonic assistance will be provided. One person will be responsible for input the conversation within the system. The reports will be input in the system through scanner or some other method. Analyzing: The system will differentiate the important raw data from the vague one. Then the recognized data will be analyzed and the crucial information will be generated. Those information will be provided to the doctor through a computer or mobile screen. The doctor will input something related to it and after the completion of the whole process knowledge will be created and stored for further use. Bibliography: Gaynor, M., Moreno-Serra, R. and Propper, C., 2013. Death by market power: reform, competition, and patient outcomes in the National Health Service.American Economic Journal: Economic Policy,5(4), pp.134-166. Miranda, M.L., Ferranti, J., Strauss, B., Neelon, B. and Califf, R.M., 2013. Geographic health information systems: a platform to support the triple aim.Health Affairs,32(9), pp.1608-1615. Sittig, D.F. and Singh, H., 2012. Electronic health records and national patient-safety goals.New England Journal of Medicine,367(19), pp.1854-1860. Walker, J., Darer, J.D., Elmore, J.G. and Delbanco, T., 2014. The road toward fully transparent medical records.New England Journal of Medicine,370(1), pp.6-8.