Rise and fall of American labor unions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5250 words

Rise and fall of American labor unions - Essay Example This kind of project is non-routine work that is not done regularly. A project has duration. Example, the project of basketball construction has duration of two months. Project needs Resources. Project needs, men, materials, time and money to finish the basketball court. Resources are scarce. So, if the organization wants to finish the project, they have to make a budget estimate within which to finish the work. 1.2. Planning and organization. The purpose of planning is to determine the best possible way of achieving specified objective within the specified period of time and costs. It is a technique that aims at maximum utilization of resources. Every person, organization or a government entity has plans. For example, Martha has plans to build a house, the neighborhood plans to build a club house, and the government plans to build a connecting highway. In all of these plans, the elements of project management are important. These are planning, scheduling, implementation, control and monitoring. These are easily done with small projects, but gets difficult and complex when it comes to big projects like government projects. A basketball court construction is simpler in details than a government road project. 1.4 Project appraisal and financing Financing is the significant link between the project and implementation because no matter how good or feasible the project in terms of technical and economics, it cannot work without money. The problem concerns of the project is not only measuring the financial needs but to be assured of financing, where and when needed. This usually entails a loan proposal, and identifying sources of financing. The proponent or organization could resort to borrowings from banks or institutions for private entity; or if it is a government project, funds may come from general appropriations, grants or loan from government banks or rely on foreign loans. In our example, funds for the purpose may come from donations. 1.5 Project life cycle A project has a life cycle. It starts with the conception stage. It is the time when the idea started. Next is the design stage – this is where designs of the project area are presented; usually a committee appraises the appropriateness of the design. Then we have implementation – this is the time of actual work; and the commissioning stage that marks end of project. Going back to project, idea came from the Youth Association, and the design could come from another group who will design, next is a group that finances and implements the project. Last stage is the ending of the project or turn over. 1.6 Organizational workflow, staffing processes and project planning elements Workflow is defined as a sequence of steps that consists of work process involving two or more persons that adds value to the organization’s activities.2 Workflow has two processes, the sequential and parallel work flow. The former is dependent on the occurrence of the previous steps, while th e latter allows two or more steps concurrently. Staffing process. A project requires manpower, and for this purpose, there is a need to establish manpower inventory. First step to staffing is to plan for a manpower inventory in order to match manpower requirements and demand3. Afterwards, other processes follow like recruitment, selection, orientation and placement; and remuneration. A short project does not necessarily involve promotion and

Open Theism vs. Closed Theism :: Essays Papers

Open Theism vs. Closed Theism This topic is one that has had my curiosity piqued for the last few years and is one I have made a point of discussing with many people over the course of that time. I have heard many different viewpoints, some who have been adamant for God's omniscience and knowledge of the future and others who have presented compelling arguments for free will. Most, however are of a third category who have come to grips with the fact that our mere brains cannot understand the workings of God and are content to wait for an answer until they are able to ask them themselves if/when they get to Heaven. I myself hold this latter idea to be a good fallback, but am restless in my pursuit for an answer. For neither the deterministic nor the liberalist perspective seem to have me convinced for it seems to me like both of these beliefs leave you in a dire catch-22: if you insist on complete freedom, you limit God's knowledge; but if you insist on God's knowledge, then you limit humanity's freedom; neither o f which leave my mind at rest in who I know God to be and what His scripture has revealed to us in His creation of humanity. So I am left with an unsettled feeling that there must exist a third alternative--one that encompasses both God's complete omniscience and humanity's unleashed freedom. The closest established belief I would at this point categorize myself with believing would be that of St. Thomas Aquinas and Anselm, which you site on pg. 119 of your text. The pitfall I see in the libertarians' viewpoint is their assumption that foreknowledge implies cause. For instance, by their understanding of foreknowledge, if Chris were to somehow know beforehand what the outcome of a football game would be, but were nothing more than a spectator in the stands, Chris, by this knowledge, somehow CAUSED the outcome of the game to end the way it did. This does not hold up in common sense. Just because Chris somehow were able to KNOW what would happen does not mean that he, by the same token, CAUSED it to happen. And such is the case with God. Just because God KNOWS what will happen in the future of the world does not mean that he literally entered the 'game' and caused it to happen.

Fizzy drinks Essay

Aim The aim of the experiment is to check whether pH of the chosen fizzy drink is basic, neutral or acidic. To find the answer the titration method will be used. The chosen fizzy drink will be Sprite due to its transparency (it is easy to see when the color changes during the experiment). Hypothesis Sprite will probably have acidic pH (smaller than 7) as one of ingredients is citric acid. However as it is drink used by people pH cannot be to small as it would be harmful to the human organism. As I checked pH of Sprite should oscillate somewhere around 2.75. Theory â€Å"A titration is a method of analysis that will allow you to determine the precise endpoint of a reaction and therefore the precise quantity of reactant in the titration flask. A buret is used to deliver the second reactant to the flask and an indicator or pH Meter is used to detect the endpoint of the reaction. A typical titration begins with a beaker or Erlenmeyer flask containing a precise volume of the reactant and a small amount of indicator, placed underneath a burette containing the reagent. By controlling the amount of reagent added to the reactant, it is possible to detect the point at which the indicator changes colour. As long as the indicator has been chosen correctly, this should also be the point where the reactant and reagent neutralise each other, and, by reading the scale on the burette, the volume of reagent can be measured. As the concentration of the reagent is known, the number of moles of reagent can be calculated (since concentration = moles / volume). Then, from the chemical equation involving the two substances, the number of moles present in the reactant can be found. Finally, by dividing the number of moles of reactant by its volume, the concentration is calculated.† In this case phenolphthalein is the indicator as it stays transparent in the acidic or neutral environment and changes its color into pink in the acidic environment. Materials – NaOH – 5g – Sprite – 125 ml – Phenolphthalein – Distillated water 250ml Apparatus – balance – burette – spatula – Erlenmeyer flask – Beaker – Cylinder Variables – volume of NaOH – type of fizzy drink – volume of the fizzy drink – precision Procedure 1. Prepare all needed apparatus and substances 2. Weight 5g of solid NaOH and put it into beaker 3. Fill the beaker with 250 ml of distilled water to make 0.5 mol NaOH solution 4. Fill the burette with NaOH solution and write down to what level the burette is filled so you can later know how many of the solution was needed to neutralize fizzy drink 5. Measure 25 ml of Sprite in the cylinder 6. Put 25 ml of Sprite into the flask 7. Add to it 4 drops of phenolphthalein 8. Put the flask under the burette 9. Slowly pour the NaOH solution into the flask with Sprite 10. When the color of Sprite is pink stop the titration (it is important to be precise) 11. Write down how many NaOH solution was needed to neutralize your fizzy drink 12. Repeat steps 4-11 five times to get some more reliable results 13. After you finished your experiment neutralize NaOH solution that you still have and then clean the equipment you used during the experiment. Safety guidelines !!! – Work areas should be arranged so that a person does not need to travel through a high-hazard area while attempting to exit the laboratory during an emergency. !!! – Eyewashes and showers must be accessible to all chemical laboratories. !!! – Do not consume food and drink in the laboratory. !!! – Wear your googles and gloves to protect your eyes and skin !!! – Move in the labolatory carefully !!! – Keep the labolatory clean in order to prevent any accidents !!! – Pay particular attention to the protection of eyes and skin because NaOH can couse damage to your. !!! – Confine long hair while working in a labolatory. !!! – Do not panic if you have done something in a wrong way, just report your teacher and do what he/she has said !!! – Flush away all accidentally spilled substances with water and report your teacher !!! – Neutralize the remaining substances and remove them from equipment !!! – Wear your gown while working in lab Data Collection number of the test Initial quantity of NaOH solution in burette (in ml) Final quantity of NaOH solution in burette(in ml) Quantity of NaOH solution used to neutralize fizzy drink(in ml) Table 1. data collected during the experiment Data Processing and Presentation In order to find the pH of Sprite at first the average quantity of NaOH solution used to neutralize the fizzy drink has to be calculated: ml In order to make some other calculations ml has to be changed to dm3 1 dm3 = 1000 ml Hence: 5.18/1000 = 0.00518 dm3 Next the number of moles of NaOH solution used in the experiment has to be determined from the formula Where: n is number of moles C is molar concentration V is volume in dm3 Hence: Next the number of H+ ions in the solution has to be determined using the following formula: , where [H+] is the molar concentration n is number of moles of H+ ions V is the volume of the solution As number of moles of OH- ions in the solution is equal to the number of moles of H+ ions, nH+ = nOH- = 0.00259mol By knowing this pH of Sprite can be calculated by using the formula below: pH = -log[H+] pH = -log0.1036 pH = 0.98464 Conclusions The result obtained in the experiment differs a lot from the reality (pH is approximately 2.75). Even not knowing the proper value of pH of Sprite it is rather obvious that the result is wrong as no substance drank by human can have such a little pH. This would destroy our organism and therefore could not be sold as a fizzy drink. The percentage error equals: This is a huge difference and it can be explained by a number of reasons: 1. we did not catch the exact moment of neutralization but the moment, when the mixture was already basic so, this difference in time can be crucial 2. little differences in measurements during the experiment could also be the cause of mistake 3. the time when the color of phenolphthalein did not disappear could be measured wrong and that can be another cause of mistake Summing up these sources of mistake could not change the result in such a great extend – 279%. Although the results of the experiment were imprecise, the aim was partially achieved. Sprite was proved to have acidic pH. Evaluation The experiment could be done on some greater amounts of Sprite so that the results would be more precise. Although 5 tests were made, maybe some more should be done to make the data collected during the experiment more reliable. Besides that it is hard to find some other ways to make the experiment better or more reliable as the titration method is quite precise and the results should not differ much from the reality. Sources: – â€Å"Chemistry for the IB Diploma (standard and higher level)† by Geoff Neuss – â€Å"Chemistry† (second edition) by John Green and Sandru Damji – www.en.wikipedia.org entry: titration

Essay on True Beauty - 2353 Words

Many people will say that beauty is in the eye of the beholder, however if you look back through history it is apparent that beauty is in the eye of society. Just like fashion, the image of a â€Å"beautiful woman† has varied with culture and time. What was considered attractive in Elizabethan Europe was pale, blonde, and curvy whereas today in America it’s tan, blonde, and thin. Women have put themselves through misery attempting to change their bodies and their features to match what society is calling beautiful. Today they cover themselves with makeup, diet to extremes, and go through cosmetic surgery, all of which can actually be harmful to the body. The first cosmetics were used for religious purposes. Primitive men used make-up to†¦show more content†¦Permanent make-up methods were also developed (Angeloglou 110-118). Between celebrities with gorgeous hair and models with perfect skin many women today feel they must use make-up and other beauty products in order to feel like they are beautiful. Cosmetics such as lotions, skin creams, perfumes, nail polishes, hair dyes, hair spray, and make-up products like lipstick, mascara, and blush are used excessively in hopes to attain a flawless complexion and perfect facial features. When cosmetics are used in small amounts they can be okay, however, by trying to hide flaws behind layers of make-up women are just creating more problems for themselves and their skin (â€Å"Cosmetics and Your Health†). There is nothing wrong with using moderate cosmetic products. It’s important to use lotions, soaps, and shampoos for cleanliness and good hygiene. It’s also fine for someone to use small amounts of make-up to cover up small blemishes and to make themselves feel attractive and more confident. However, women should not feel that the only way they look beautiful is if they completely cover their face with foundation, blush, lipstick, eyeliner, eyeshadow, mascara, and other make-up. Or that the only way their hair looks good is when it’s dyed and straightened. Women should learn to be comfortable in their own skin, especially since by using these products they can actually be harmingShow MoreRelatedTrue Beauty for Cindy Jackson Essay1241 Words   |  5 Pageslooking like a Barbie doll since she was six years old and she never grow out of it. When she was thirty- three, she inherited some money after her father passed away. Later, she decided to invest all her m oney in her appearance to make her dream come true. At first, she started with reshaped her upper and lower eyelids to wider her eyes. Then, she moved on to liposuction on her knees, collagen injections, nose jobs, breast implants, cheekbone reshaping and implants, and microdermabrasion. After twentyRead MoreThe Sense Of True Beauty1219 Words   |  5 Pagesworld, the concept of true beauty has been the center for debate from several viewpoints. Some people define true beauty as the most pleasuring of the senses, such as taste or sight or smell. Other make the argument that true beauty only exists through creation rather than naturally. However, from the viewpoints of a transcendentalist, the natural, beautiful world guides one’s life and paves the way to heaven through a process of reflection and connection. The truest form of beauty remains the untouchedRead MoreThe True Beauty Of Music1430 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"The true beauty of music is that it connects people. I t carries a message, and we the musicians are the messengers†. Music has been the source of comfort for many people around the world who are battling hardships; it helps connect people who share similar experiences and aspire to share the same message together. In the Caribbean region, they all shared some fundamental experiences; in particular, the history of slavery. Enslaved people suffered extreme punishments, diseases, poverty, and rapeRead MoreThe True Meaning Of Beauty1945 Words   |  8 PagesThe True Meaning of Beauty Imagine this. Walking down the street and seeing duplicates of the same facial features. The same hair, eyes, nose, color of skin, lips, shape of their face, shape of their bodies, all trying to look the same. All of these women trying to have the same look. All women trying to look like the â€Å"ideal western woman† Imagine every race trying to get rid of their features to make themselves look like the ideal Caucasian women. Spending an incredible amount of money going throughRead MoreThe True Beauty Of Religion1617 Words   |  7 PagesReligion is intertwined with almost every aspect of life, ranging from culture, to politics and can even be found in basic social interactions. Regardless of how religious one may be the impact it has on each individual’s life is significant. The true beauty of religion is the fact that there is no set definition, allowing for each region of the world to interpret and practice their beliefs in their own manner. Naming a newborn chi ld is considered a significant rite of passage in numerous religionsRead MoreTrue Beauty In Sonnet 130952 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Shakespeare shows that true beauty lies within in his ironic spin of the traditional love sonnet with his Sonnet 130, also known as My Mistress’ Eyes are Nothing like the Sun. He successfully surpasses the effect of the everyday love sonnet of the time with his unique choice to spin the traditional blazon technique to point out his loves flaws. Shakespeare asserts his excellence over writers of the time by writing a more effective version of the love sonnet. True to form, Shakespeare takes hisRead MoreEssay on Crime Against True Beauty1058 Words   |  5 Pagesgirls are wounded by the immense weight of our cultures requirements for beauty. Requirements that can potentially be explained by science, but neither the way in which our society allows itself to be controlled by such mundane fancies nor the effect on the people it oppresses is by a ny means justified. Though there are countless explanations by which we might decipher the origin of our cultures general idea of outward beauty, science currently stands foremost as a highly relevant source to expoundRead MoreWhat is Beauty? Essay1385 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is beauty? People have always attempted to find, create, and pursue it. A quick checkout at the grocery store will reveal a plethora of magazines devoted purely to what they call beauty and the proper pursuit of it. Most have an idea of what they might personally define as beauty, but not as a general, sweeping definition. That which one might label ugly another might call absolutely stunning. Some find beauty in cats, others in dogs, just as some favor early morning mountain ranges over a sunRead MoreInner Beauty Vs. Outer Beauty850 Words   |  4 PagesInner Beauty vs. Outer Beauty Inner and physical beauty has always been around, affecting females and males of all ages. Though what really matters is inner beauty; how a person can express themselves as a human is the only important beauty. Outer appearances can be the only sight that humans are able to see, but inner sensations are the only feelings humans can truly encounter in their lives. People want to keep up with society and trends, therefore, they use themselves like mannequins and do anythingRead MoreBeauty Is Not At The Eyes990 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Beauty is not in the face; beauty is a light in the heart† â€Å"True beauty comes from within†. The physical appearance of a person is the first thing another person notices about someone. The definition of beauty is the combination of qualities, such as shape, color, or form, that pleases the aesthetic senses, especially the sight. People havecome to the conclusion that beauty is about the exterior appearance, however, true beauty is defined as the way a person acts and thinks. In today’s society